Preheat oven to 500°F. Combine vinegar, 1 cup water, sugar, and salt in a saucepan. Bring to a simmer over medium-high; cook, stirring occasionally, until sugar and salt dissolve. Stir in carrots, cucumber, radishes, and jalapeño. Remove from heat; let stand 10 minutes. Drain and set aside.
Roll dough into a 13-inch circle in a large sheet pan; pierce well with a fork. Brush soy sauce and 1 tablespoon sesame oil over dough. Bake at 500°F for 6 minutes.
Sprinkle mozzarella evenly over dough. Bake at 500°F for 5 minutes.
Combine mayonnaise, Sriracha, and remaining 1 1/2 teaspoons sesame oil.
Spread pickled vegetables evenly over pizza. Drizzle mayonnaise mixture over top. Sprinkle with cilantro.